Brain / Mental Clarity

Brain / Mental Clarity - References & External links

The references to scientific articles about Brain / Mental Clarity are not meant to imply that any products treat, cure, or diagnose any disease or human condition. We encourage our audience to do their own research beyond the resources we have provided so your decision is as educated as possible.

• The properties of Camellia Sinensis boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • MANCINI, Edele; et al. Green tea effects on cognition, mood and human brain function: A systematic review. Phytomedicine, 2017, 34: 26-37. PMID:28899506
    Conclusions: The reviewed studies presented evidence that green tea influences psychopathological symptoms (e.g. reduction of anxiety), cognition (e.g. benefits in memory and attention) and brain function (e.g. activation of working memory seen in functional MRI). The effects of green tea cannot be attributed to a single constituent of the beverage. This is exemplified in the finding that beneficial green tea effects on cognition are observed under the combined influence of both caffeine and l-theanine, whereas separate administration of either substance was found to have a lesser impact.
  • DIETZ, Christina; DEKKER, Matthijs. Effect of Green Tea Phytochemicals on Mood and Cognition. Current pharmaceutical design, 2017, 23.19: 2876-2905. PMID:28056735
    Conclusion: Caffeine was found to mainly improve performance on demanding long-duration cognitive tasks and self-reported alertness, arousal, and vigor. Significant effects already occurred at low doses of 40 mg. L-theanine alone improved self-reported relaxation, tension, and calmness starting at 200 mg. L-theanine and caffeine combined were found to particularly improve performance in attention-switching tasks and alertness, but to a lesser extent than caffeine alone. No conclusive evidence relating to effects induced by EGCG could be given since the amount of intervention studies was limited. These studies provided reliable evidence showing that L-theanine and caffeine have clear beneficial effects on sustained attention, memory, and suppression of distraction. Moreover, L-theanine was found to lead to relaxation by reducing caffeine induced arousal.
  • PARK, H. K.; JUNG, I. C.; LEE, W. K.; LEE, Y. S.; GO, H. J.; KIM, K.; LIM, N. K.; HONG, J. T.; LY, S. Y.; RHO, S. S. A combination of green tea extract and l-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of medicinal food, 2011, 14.4: 334-343. PMID:21303262
  • BROWN, A. Louise; LANE, J.; COVERLY, J.; STOCKS, J.; JACKSON, S.; STEPHEN, A.; BLUCK, L.; COWARD, A.; HENDRICKX, H. Effects of dietary supplementation with the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate on insulin resistance and associated metabolic risk factors: randomized controlled trial. British journal of nutrition, 2008, 101.6: 886-894. PMID:18710606
• The properties of Inositol boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • FISHER, Stephen K.; NOVAK, James E.; AGRANOFF, Bernard W. Inositol and higher inositol phosphates in neural tissues: homeostasis, metabolism and functional significance. Journal of neurochemistry, 2002, 82.4: 736-754. PMID:12358779
• The properties of Chromium boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • DOCHERTY, John P.; SACK, D. A.; ROFFMAN, M.; FINCH, M.; KOMOROWSKI, J. R. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory trial of chromium picolinate in atypical depression: effect on carbohydrate craving. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®, 2005, 11.5: 302-314. PMID:16184071
    CONCLUSIONS: In a population of adults with atypical depression, most of whom were overweight or obese, CrPic produced improvement on the following HAM-D-29 items: appetite increase, increased eating, carbohydrate craving, and diurnal variation of feelings. In a subpopulation of patients with high carbohydrate craving, overall HAM-D-29 scores improved significantly in patients treated with CrPic compared with placebo. The results of this study suggest that the main effect of chromium was on carbohydrate craving and appetite regulation in depressed patients and that 600 mug of elemental chromium may be beneficial for patients with atypical depression who also have severe carbohydrate craving. Further studies are needed to evaluate chromium in depressed patients specifically selected for symptoms of increased appetite and carbohydrate craving as well as to determine whether a higher dose of chromium would have an effect on mood.
• The properties of Chromium Picolinate boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • DOCHERTY, John P.; SACK, D. A.; ROFFMAN, M.; FINCH, M.; KOMOROWSKI, J. R. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory trial of chromium picolinate in atypical depression: effect on carbohydrate craving. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®, 2005, 11.5: 302-314. PMID:16184071
    CONCLUSIONS: In a population of adults with atypical depression, most of whom were overweight or obese, CrPic produced improvement on the following HAM-D-29 items: appetite increase, increased eating, carbohydrate craving, and diurnal variation of feelings. In a subpopulation of patients with high carbohydrate craving, overall HAM-D-29 scores improved significantly in patients treated with CrPic compared with placebo. The results of this study suggest that the main effect of chromium was on carbohydrate craving and appetite regulation in depressed patients and that 600 mug of elemental chromium may be beneficial for patients with atypical depression who also have severe carbohydrate craving. Further studies are needed to evaluate chromium in depressed patients specifically selected for symptoms of increased appetite and carbohydrate craving as well as to determine whether a higher dose of chromium would have an effect on mood.
• The properties of Ascorbic Acid boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • HARRISON, Fiona E.; MAY, James M. Vitamin C Function in the Brain: Vital Role of the Ascorbate Transporter SVCT2. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2009, 46.6: 719-730. PMID:19162177
  • HAN, Qian-Qian; et al. Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin C in Mental Disorders. Current medical science, 2018, 38.1: 1-10. PMID:30074145
  • GROMOVA, O. A.; et al. Synergistic Application of Zinc and Vitamin C to Support Memory, Attention and the Reduction of the Risk of the Neurological Diseases. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni SS Korsakova, 2017, 117.7: 112-119. PMID:28805771
• The properties of Caffeine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Caffeine: accelerates response time, reduces fatigue, increases physical endurance, helps to increase alertness.
  • BELLO, Marissa L.; et al. The effects of TeaCrine® and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2019, 16.1: 20. PMID:30999897
    CONCLUSIONS: The 27-38% improvements in TTE reflect increased performance capacity that may have important implications for overtime scenarios. These findings suggest TeaCrine® favorably impacts endurance and the combination with caffeine provides greater benefits on cognitive function than either supplement independently.
  • DIETZ, Christina; DEKKER, Matthijs. Effect of Green Tea Phytochemicals on Mood and Cognition. Current pharmaceutical design, 2017, 23.19: 2876-2905. PMID:28056735
    Conclusion: Caffeine was found to mainly improve performance on demanding long-duration cognitive tasks and self-reported alertness, arousal, and vigor. Significant effects already occurred at low doses of 40 mg. L-theanine alone improved self-reported relaxation, tension, and calmness starting at 200 mg. L-theanine and caffeine combined were found to particularly improve performance in attention-switching tasks and alertness, but to a lesser extent than caffeine alone. No conclusive evidence relating to effects induced by EGCG could be given since the amount of intervention studies was limited. These studies provided reliable evidence showing that L-theanine and caffeine have clear beneficial effects on sustained attention, memory, and suppression of distraction. Moreover, L-theanine was found to lead to relaxation by reducing caffeine induced arousal.
• The properties of Citicoline boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • BRUCE, S. E.; WERNER, K. B.; PRESTON, B. F.; BAKER, L. M. Improvements in concentration, working memory and sustained attention following consumption of a natural citicoline–caffeine beverage. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 2014, 65.8: 1003-1007. PMID:25046515
  • GARERI, Pietro; CASTAGNA, Alberto; COTRONEO, Antonino Maria; PUTIGNANO, Salvatore; DE SARRO, Giovambattista; BRUNI, Amalia Cecilia. The role of citicoline in cognitive impairment: pharmacological characteristics, possible advantages, and doubts for an old drug with new perspectives. Clinical interventions in aging, 2015, 10: 1421. PMID:26366063
    CONCLUSION:Citicoline appears to be a promising agent to improve cognitive impairment, especially of vascular origin. In fact, so far it appears as a drug with the ability to promote "safe" neuroprotection, capable of enhancing endogenous protective. Large clinical trials are needed to confirm its benefits.
  • FIORAVANTI, Mario; BUCKLEY, Ann E. Citicoline (Cognizin) in the treatment of cognitive impairment. Clinical interventions in aging, 2006, 1.3: 247. PMID:18046877
  • DI TRAPANI, G.; FIORAVANTI, M. Citicoline in the treatment of cognitive and behavioral disorders in pathologic senile decline. La Clinica terapeutica, 1991, 137.6: 403-413. PMID:1832612
  • MCGLADE, Erin; AGOSTON, A. M.; DIMUZIO, J.; KIZAKI, M.; NAKAZAKI, E.; KAMIYA, T.; YURGELUN-TODD, D. The effect of citicoline supplementation on motor speed and attention in adolescent males. Journal of Attention Disorders, 2015, 2015: 1557-1246. PMID:26179181
  • MCGLADE, Erin; LOCATELLI, Allison; HARDY, Julia; TOSHIKAZU, Kami. Improved Attentional Performance Following Citicoline Administration in Healthy Adult Women. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2012, 3.06: 769.
    CONCLUSIONS: After 28 days of daily citicoline supplementation, participants who were administered either the 250 mg or the 500 mg citicoline doses showed significantly better ability to produce correct responses on the CPT-II, likely due to improved cognitive inhibition. Our findings suggest that citicoline may improve attentional performance in middle-aged women and may ameliorate attentional deficits associated with central nervous system disorders.
  • ALVAREZ, X. Anton; LAREDO, M.; CORZO, D.; FERNáNDEZ-NOVOA, L.; MOUZO, R.; PEREA, J. E.; DANIELE, D.; CACABELOS, R. Citicoline improves memory performance in elderly subjects. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 1997, 19.3: 201-210. PMID:9203170
  • GRIEB, Pawel. Neuroprotective properties of citicoline: facts, doubts and unresolved issues. CNS drugs, 2014, 28.3: 185-193. PMID:24504829
  • SECADES, Julio J.; LORENZO, J. L. Citicoline-Pharmacological and Clinical Review, 2006 Update. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 2006, 28.Supplement B: 1-56. PMID:17171187
  • SECADES, Julio J. Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2010 update. Rev Neurol, 2011, 52.Suppl 2: S1-S62. PMID:21432836
  • MCDANIEL, Mark A.; MAIER, Steven F.; EINSTEIN, Gilles O. “Brain-specific” nutrients: a memory cure?. Nutrition, 2003, 19.11-12: 957-975. PMID:14624946
    CONCLUSIONS: In sum, for most of the "brain-specific" nutrients we review, some mildly suggestive effects have been found in preliminary controlled studies using standard psychometric memory assessments or more general tests designed to reveal cognitive impairment. We suggest that future evaluations of the possible memory benefits of these supplements might fruitfully focus on memory processes rather than on memory tests per se.
• The properties of Bacopa Monnieri boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Helps to absorb knowledge, strengthens the ability to concentrate, improves brain function, improves cognitive functions. The indian herb Bacopa monnieri contains compounds called bacosides which are thought to help repair damaged neurons and promote new nerve growth. This improves neuron communication with the brain, helping improve your cognitive function and mental performance.
  • MCPHEE, G. M.; DOWNEY, L. A.; NOBLE, A.; STOUGH, C. Cognitive training and Bacopa monnieri: Evidence for a combined intervention to alleviate age associated cognitive decline. Medical hypotheses, 2016, 95: 71-76. PMID:27692172
  • MORGAN, A.; STEVENS, J. Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. The journal of alternative and complementary medicine, 2010, 16.7: 753-759. PMID:20590480
    CONCLUSIONS: Bacopa significantly improved memory acquisition and retention in healthy older Australians. This concurs with previous findings and traditional use. Bacopa caused GIT side-effects of increased stool frequency, abdominal cramps, and nausea.
  • ROODENRYS, S.; BOOTH, D.; BULZOMI, S.; PHIPPS, A.; MICALLEF, C.; SMOKER, J. Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2002, 27.2: 279. PMID:12093601
  • PETH-NUI, Tatimah; WATTANATHORN, J.; MUCHIMAPURA, S.; TONG-UN, T.; PIYAVHATKUL, N.; RANGSEEKAJEE, P.; INGKANINAN, K.; VITTAYA-AREEKUL, S. Effects of 12-Week Bacopa monnieri Consumption on Attention, Cognitive Processing, Working Memory, and Functions of Both Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems in Healthy Elderly Volunteers. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 2012: 10. PMID:23320031
  • CALABRESE, Carlo; GREGORY, W. L.; LEO, M.; KRAEMER, D.; BONE, K.; OKEN, B. Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The journal of alternative and complementary medicine, 2008, 14.6: 707-713. PMID:18611150
    CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence that B. monnieri has potential for safely enhancing cognitive performance in the aging.
  • KUMAR, Navneet; ABICHANDANI, L. G.; THAWANI, V.; GHARPURE, K. J.; NAIDU, M. U.; VENKAT RAMANA, G. Efficacy of Standardized Extract of Bacopa monnieri (Bacognize®) on Cognitive Functions of Medical Students: A Six-Week, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, 2016: 8. PMID:27803728
  • HINGORANI, L.; PATEL, S.; EBERSOLE, B. Sustained cognitive effects and safety of HPLC-standardized Bacopa monnieri extract: a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. Planta Medica, 2012, 78.11: PH22.
  • SHINOMOL, G. K.; et al. Exploring the Role of “Brahmi” (Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica) in Brain Function and Therapy. Recent patents on endocrine, metabolic & immune drug discovery, 2011, 5.1: 33-49. PMID:22074576
• The properties of Synapsa boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • RAJANI, M. Bacopa monnieri, a nootropic drug. In: Bioactive molecules and medicinal plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008, 2008: 175-195.
• The properties of Vinca Minor boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • LEY, Beth M. Vinpocetine: revitalize your brain with periwinkle extract. Bl Publications, 2000.
  • RATHEE, Dharmender; CHAUDHARY, Hema. Natural memory boosters. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2008, 2.4: 249-256.
  • JATWA, Vivek; KHIRWADKAR, Praveen; DASHORA, Kamlesh. Indian traditional memory enhancing herbs and their medicinal benefits. Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology, 2014, 2.1: 1030.
• The properties of Choline Glycerophosphate boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine (Alpha GPC) is thought to increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter – chemical messengers that communicate between brain cells. It is important for memory, learning and concentration, which is why it is known as the learning neurotransmitter. Alpha GPC has demonstrated such a strong ability to improve cognitive function, it is considered a possible treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
  • MORENO, Maria De Jesus. Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical therapeutics, 2003, 25.1: 178-193. PMID:12637119
    CONCLUSION:The results of this study suggest the clinical usefulness and tolerability of CA in the treatment of the cognitive symptoms of dementia disorders of the Alzheimer type.
  • DI PERRI, R.; COPPOLA, G.; AMBROSIO, L. A.; GRASSO, A.; PUCA, F. M.; RIZZO, M. A multicentre trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of α-glycerylphosphorylcholine versus cytosine diphosphocholine in patients with vascular dementia. Journal of international medical research, 1991, 19.4: 330-341. PMID:1916007
• The properties of Selagine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  An extract from the Chinese club moss plant, Huperzine-A is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. AChE breaks down the learning neurotransmitter acetylcholine. By preventing acetylcholine levels from decreasing, Huperzine A creates a surplus of acetylcholine, which can lead to improved mental clarity, concentration and memory.
  • SUN, Q. Q.; XU, S. S.; PAN, J. L.; GUO, H. M.; CAO, W. Q. Huperzine-A capsules enhance memory and learning performance in 34 pairs of matched adolescent students. Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 1999, 20.7: 601-603. PMID:10678121
    CONCLUSION: The Hup capsules enhance the memory and learning performance of adolescent students.
  • XU, W. A.; GAO, Z. X.; WENG, Z.; DU, Z. M.; YANG, J. S.; ZHANG, M. L.; TONG, Z. H.; FANG, Y. S.; CHAI, X. S. Efficacy of tablet huperzine-A on memory, cognition, and behavior in Alzheimer's disease. Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 1995, 16.5: 391-395. PMID:8701750
    CONCLUSION: Hup is a promising drug for symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
  • WANG, Rui; YAN, Han; TANG, Xi-Can. Progress in studies of huperzine A, a natural cholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herbal medicine 1. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2006, 27.1: 1-26. PMID:16364207
  • DARVESH, Sultan; WALSH, Ryan; MARTIN, Earl. Enantiomer effects of huperzine A on the aryl acylamidase activity of human cholinesterases. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2003, 23.1: 93-100. PMID:12701885
  • BAI, D. L.; TANG, X. C.; HE, X. C. Huperzine A, a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2000, 7.3: 355-374. PMID:10637369
  • LITTLE, John T.; WALSH, Sally; AISEN, Paul S. An update on huperzine A as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 2008, 17.2: 209-215. PMID:18230054
  • YUE, Jirong; DONG, B. R.; LIN, X.; YANG, M.; WU, T. An update on huperzine A as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2012, 2012: 12. PMID:23235666
    CONCLUSIONS: The currently available evidence is insufficient to assess the potential for huperzine A in the treatment of MCI. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trials are needed.
• The properties of Avena Sativa boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Also known as Avena sativa, Oat Straw comes from wild green oats and has been used as a brain booster in folk medicine since the Middle Ages. Oat straw is believed to work by increasing alpha-2 waves in the brain – which are highly active during periods of wakefulness – as well as controlling inflammation within artery walls. This increases blood flow to the brain, helping you feel more awake and alert.
  • KENNEDY, D. O.; JACKSON, P. A.; FORSTER, J.; KHAN, J.; GROTHE, T.; PERRINJAQUET-MOCCETTI, T.; HASKELL-RAMSAY, C. F. Acute effects of a wild green-oat (Avena sativa) extract on cognitive function in middle-aged adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects trial. Nutritional neuroscience, 2017, 20.2: 135-151. PMID:26618715
  • BERRY, N. M.; ROBINSON, M. J.; BRYAN, J.; BUCKLEY, J. D.; MURPHY, K. J.; HOWE, P. R. Acute effects of an Avena sativa herb extract on responses to the stroop color–word test. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2011, 17.7: 635-637. PMID:21711204
    CONCLUSIONS: Taking 1600 mg of oat herb extract may acutely improve attention and concentration and the ability to maintain task focus in older adults with differing levels of cognitive status.
• The properties of L-Theanine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Found in green and black tea, L-theanine is an amino acid that can help relieve stress while stimulating neurotransmitters in the brain, creating a relaxed but alert feeling.
  • PARK, H. K.; JUNG, I. C.; LEE, W. K.; LEE, Y. S.; GO, H. J.; KIM, K.; LIM, N. K.; HONG, J. T.; LY, S. Y.; RHO, S. S. A combination of green tea extract and l-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of medicinal food, 2011, 14.4: 334-343. PMID:21303262
  • WHITE, D. J.; DE KLERK, S.; WOODS, W.; GONDALIA, S.; NOONAN, C.; SCHOLEY, A. B. Anti-stress, behavioural and magnetoencephalography effects of an l-theanine-based nutrient drink: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Nutrients, 2016, 8.1: 53. PMID:26797633
  • KAKUDA, Takami. Neuroprotective effects of theanine and its preventive effects on cognitive dysfunction. Pharmacological research, 2011, 64.2: 162-168. PMID:21477654
  • KOBAYASHI, K.; et al. Effects of L-theanine on the release of alpha-brain waves in human volunteers. Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan (Japan), 1998.
  • NOBRE, Anna C.; RAO, Anling; OWEN, Gail N. L-Theanine, a Natural Constituent in Tea, and Its Effect on Mental State. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008, 17.S1: 167-168. PMID:18296328
  • KIMURA, Kenta; OZEKI, Makoto; JUNEJA, Lekh Raj; OHIRA, Hideki. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biological psychology, 2007, 74.1: 39-45. PMID:16930802
  • OWEN, Gail N.; PARNELL, H.; DE BRUIN, E. A.; RYCROFT, J. A. The combined effects of L-theanine and caffeine on cognitive performance and mood. Nutritional neuroscience, 2008, 11.4: 193-198. PMID:18681988
  • NOBRE, Anna C.; RAO, A.; OWEN, Gail N. L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 2008, 17.S1: 167-168. PMID:18296328
  • KIMURA, Kenta; OZEKI, M.; JUNEJA, L. R.; OHIRA, H. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biological psychology, 2007, 74.1: 39-45. PMID:16930802
  • RAO, Theertham P.; OZEKI, Motoko; JUNEJA, Lekh R. In search of a safe natural sleep aid. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2015, 34.5: 436-447. PMID:25759004
  • CAMFIELD, David A.; et al. Acute effects of tea constituents L-theanine, caffeine, and epigallocatechin gallate on cognitive function and mood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews, 2014, 72.8: 507-522. PMID:24946991
  • DIETZ, Christina; DEKKER, Matthijs. Effect of Green Tea Phytochemicals on Mood and Cognition. Current pharmaceutical design, 2017, 23.19: 2876-2905. PMID:28056735
    Conclusion: Caffeine was found to mainly improve performance on demanding long-duration cognitive tasks and self-reported alertness, arousal, and vigor. Significant effects already occurred at low doses of 40 mg. L-theanine alone improved self-reported relaxation, tension, and calmness starting at 200 mg. L-theanine and caffeine combined were found to particularly improve performance in attention-switching tasks and alertness, but to a lesser extent than caffeine alone. No conclusive evidence relating to effects induced by EGCG could be given since the amount of intervention studies was limited. These studies provided reliable evidence showing that L-theanine and caffeine have clear beneficial effects on sustained attention, memory, and suppression of distraction. Moreover, L-theanine was found to lead to relaxation by reducing caffeine induced arousal.
• The properties of Tyrosine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  L-tyrosine, another amino acid, is involved in the manufacture of dopamine and noradrenaline; neurotransmitters that play a key role in mental alertness and focus, particularly in stressful situations. As a result, L-tyrosine is thought to help improve cognitive performance by reducing the effects of stress and fatigue on performance and making it easier to remain focused.
  • STEENBERGEN, L.; SELLARO, R.; HOMMEL, B.; COLZATO, L. S. Tyrosine promotes cognitive flexibility: evidence from proactive vs. reactive control during task switching performance. Neuropsychologia, 2015, 69: 50-55. PMID:25598314
  • HENSEL, C.; BECKER, M.; DüZEL, S.; DEMUTH, I.; NORMAN, K.; STEINHAGEN-THIESSEN, E.; GALLINAT, J.; LINDENBERGER, U.; KüHN, S. Influence of nutritional tyrosine on cognition and functional connectivity in healthy old humans. NeuroImage, 2019. PMID:30853567
  • COLZATO, Lorenza S.; JONGKEES, B. J.; SELLARO, R.; HOMMEL, B. Working memory reloaded: tyrosine repletes updating in the N-back task. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2013, 7: 200. PMID:24379768
  • MAGILL, R. A.; WATERS, W. F.; BRAY, G. A.; VOLAUFOVA, J.; SMITH, S. R.; LIEBERMAN, H. R.; MCNEVIN, N.; RYAN, D. H. Effects of tyrosine, phentermine, caffeine D-amphetamine, and placebo on cognitive and motor performance deficits during sleep deprivation. Nutritional neuroscience, 2003, 6.4: 237-246. PMID:12887140
  • BANDERET, Louis E.; LIEBERMAN, Harris R. Treatment with tyrosine, a neurotransmitter precursor, reduces environmental stress in humans. Brain research bulletin, 1989, 22.4: 759-762. PMID:2736402
• The properties of Uncaria Tomentosa boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Derived naturally from Uncaria tomentosa, a vine that grows in the Amazon rainforest, Cat’s Claw is believed to have neuroprotective benefits. It contains antioxidants that can help enhance the body’s natural ability to repair environmental-stress related DNA damage to cells. Cat’s Claw can help improve your brain health and cognitive performance.
  • SNOW, Alan D.; et al. The Amazon rain forest plant Uncaria tomentosa (cat’s claw) and its specific proanthocyanidin constituents are potent inhibitors and reducers of both brain plaques and tangles Scientific reports, 2019, 9.1: 561. PMID:30728442
• The properties of Vinpocetine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • POLICH, John; GLORIA, Rebecca. Cognitive effects of a Ginkgo biloba/vinpocetine compound in normal adults: systematic assessment of perception, attention and memory. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 2001, 16.5: 409-416. PMID:12404561
  • SUBHAN, Z.; HINDMARCH, I. Psychopharmacological effects of vinpocetine in normal healthy volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1985, 28.5: 567-571. PMID:3899677
  • VALIKOVICS, A.; CSáNYI, A.; NéMETH, L. Study of the effects of vinpocetin on cognitive functions. Ideggyogyaszati szemle, 2012, 65.3-4: 115-120. PMID:23136730
    CONCLUSIONS: Vinpocetine, due its complex mechanism of action, improved significantly the cognitive functions, overall disease status and quality of life in patients with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. As a result, vinpocetine treatment can be recommended for patients with mild cognitive impairment.
  • HINDMARCH, Ian; FUCHS, Hans-Hermann; ERZIGKEIT, Hellmut. Efficacy and tolerance of vinpocetine in ambulant patients suffering from mild to moderate organic psychosyndromes. International clinical psychopharmacology, 1991, 1991: . PMID:2071888
  • MCDANIEL, Mark A.; MAIER, Steven F.; EINSTEIN, Gilles O. “Brain-specific” nutrients: a memory cure?. Nutrition, 2003, 19.11-12: 957-975. PMID:14624946
    CONCLUSIONS: In sum, for most of the "brain-specific" nutrients we review, some mildly suggestive effects have been found in preliminary controlled studies using standard psychometric memory assessments or more general tests designed to reveal cognitive impairment. We suggest that future evaluations of the possible memory benefits of these supplements might fruitfully focus on memory processes rather than on memory tests per se.
• The properties of Ginkgo Biloba boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Ginkgo Biloba is safe and appears capable of stabilizing and, in a substantial number of cases, improving the cognitive performance and the social functioning of demented patients.
  • LE BARS, P. L.; KATZ, M. M.; BERMAN, N.; ITIL, T. M.; FREEDMAN, A. M.; SCHATZBERG, A. F. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group. Jama, 1997, 278.16: 1327-1332. PMID:9343463
    CONCLUSIONS: EGb was safe and appears capable of stabilizing and, in a substantial number of cases, improving the cognitive performance and the social functioning of demented patients for 6 months to 1 year. Although modest, the changes induced by EGb were objectively measured by the ADAS-Cog and were of sufficient magnitude to be recognized by the caregivers in the GERRI.
  • AL-KURAISHY, Hayder M. Central additive effect of Ginkgo biloba and Rhodiola rosea on psychomotor vigilance task and short-term working memory accuracy. Journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology, 2016, 5.1: 7. PMID:27069717
    CONCLUSION: The combined effect of R. rosea and G. biloba leading to a more significant effect on cognitive function than either G. biloba or R. rosea when they used alone.
  • SAKATANI, Kaoru; TANIDA, M.; HIRAO, N.; TAKEMURA, N. Ginkobiloba extract improves working memory performance in middle-aged women: role of asymmetry of prefrontal cortex activity during a working memory task. Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVI, 2014, Springer, New York, NY: 295-301. PMID:24729246
  • SOLFRIZZI, Vincenzo; PANZA, Francesco. Plant-based nutraceutical interventions against cognitive impairment and dementia: meta-analytic evidence of efficacy of a standardized Gingko biloba extract. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2015, 43.2: 605-611. PMID:25352453
  • CIEZA, Alarcos; MAIER, Petra; PöPPEL, Ernst. Effects of Ginkgo biloba on mental functioning in healthy volunteers. Archives of medical research, 2003, 34.5: 373-381. PMID:14602503
    CONCLUSIONS: Both questions treated in this study, efficacy and safety, are important from a medical perspective because many persons take the agent studied in an effort to enhance their mental functioning and general well-being. The findings of this study support the adequacy of intake of EGb 761 to improve the functions indicated previously.
  • KASCHEL, R. Specific memory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in middle-aged healthy volunteers. Phytomedicine, 2011, 18.14: 1202-1207. PMID:21802920
  • BäURLE, Peter; SUTER, Andy; WORMSTALL, Henning. Safety and effectiveness of a traditional ginkgo fresh plant extract–results from a clinical trial. Complementary Medicine Research, 2009, 16.3: 156-161. PMID:19657199
    CONCLUSION: This newly developed, holistic fresh leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba is a safe, effective, and, at least, adjuvant treatment option for patients with mild cognitive impairments.
  • KENNEDY, David O.; SCHOLEY, Andrew B.; WESNES, Keith A. The dose-dependent cognitive effects of acute administration of Ginkgo biloba to healthy young volunteers. Psychopharmacology, 2000, 151.4: 416-423. PMID:11026748
    CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that acute administration of Ginkgo biloba is capable of producing a sustained improvement in attention in healthy young volunteers.
  • CIEZA, Alarcos; MAIER, Petra; PöPPEL, Ernst. Effects of Ginkgo biloba on mental functioning in healthy volunteers. Archives of medical research, 2003, 34.5: 373-381. PMID:14602503
    CONCLUSIONS: Both questions treated in this study, efficacy and safety, are important from a medical perspective because many persons take the agent studied in an effort to enhance their mental functioning and general well-being. The findings of this study support the adequacy of intake of EGb 761 to improve the functions indicated previously.
  • MESQUITA, Thássio R. R.; DE JESUS, I. C. G.; DOS SANTOS, R. V.; DE ALMEIDA, G. K. M.; DE VASCONCELOS, C. M. L.; GUATIMOSIM, S.; MACEDO, F. N.; DE MENEZES-FILHO, J. E. R.; MIGUEL-DOS-SANTOS, R.; MATOS, P. T. D.; SCALZO, S.; SANTANA-FILHO, V. J.; ALBUQUERQUE-JúNIOR, R. L. C.; PEREIRA-FILHO, R. N.; LAUTON-SANTOS, S. Cardioprotective action of ginkgo biloba extract against sustained β-adrenergic stimulation occurs via activation of M2/NO pathway. Frontiers in pharmacology, 2017, 8: 220. PMID:28553225
• The properties of Rhodiola Rosea boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • AL-KURAISHY, Hayder M. Central additive effect of Ginkgo biloba and Rhodiola rosea on psychomotor vigilance task and short-term working memory accuracy. Journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology, 2016, 5.1: 7. PMID:27069717
    CONCLUSION: The combined effect of R. rosea and G. biloba leading to a more significant effect on cognitive function than either G. biloba or R. rosea when they used alone.
• The properties of Vitamin B boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  The importance of all of the B vitamins to brain function is illustrated by the neurological and psychiatric symptoms commonly associated with deficiency in any one of these eight vitamins. For example, the primary symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency are neurological, including depression, cognitive decline, dementia, and autonomic dysfunction and vitamin B12 deficiency is often manifested in the form of neurological symptoms prior to the appearance of more typical haematological changes.
  • KENNEDY, David O. B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy--A Review. Nutrients, 2016, 8.2: 68. PMID:26828517
• The properties of Thiamine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • BOURRE, Jean-Marie. Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 2006, 10.5: 377. PMID:17066209
  • KENNEDY, David O. B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy--A Review. Nutrients, 2016, 8.2: 68. PMID:26828517
• The properties of Cyanocobalamin boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • SMITH, A. David; WARREN, Martin J.; REFSUM, Helga. Vitamin B12. In: Advances in food and nutrition research. Academic Press, 2018, 2018: 215-279. PMID:29477223
  • TANGNEY, C. C.; AGGARWAL, N. T.; LI, H.; WILSON, R. S.; DECARLI, C.; EVANS, D. A.; MORRIS, M. C. Vitamin B12, cognition, and brain MRI measures: a cross-sectional examination. Neurology, 2011, 77.13: 1276-1282. PMID:21947532
    CONCLUSIONS: Methylmalonate, a specific marker of B12 deficiency, may affect cognition by reducing total brain volume whereas the effect of homocysteine (nonspecific to vitamin B12 deficiency) on cognitive performance may be mediated through increased white matter hyperintensity and cerebral infarcts. Vitamin B12 status may affect the brain through multiple mechanisms.
  • BOURRE, Jean-Marie. Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 2006, 10.5: 377. PMID:17066209
• The properties of Phosphatidyl-L-serine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • GLADE, Michael J.; SMITH, K. Phosphatidylserine and the human brain. Nutrition, 2015, 31.6: 781-786. PMID:25933483
    CONCLUSION: Phosphatidylserine is required for healthy nerve cell membranes and myelin. Aging of the human brain is associated with biochemical alterations and structural deterioration that impair neurotransmission. Exogenous PS (300-800 mg/d) is absorbed efficiently in humans, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and safely slows, halts, or reverses biochemical alterations and structural deterioration in nerve cells. It supports human cognitive functions, including the formation of short-term memory, the consolidation of long-term memory, the ability to create new memories, the ability to retrieve memories, the ability to learn and recall information, the ability to focus attention and concentrate, the ability to reason and solve problems, language skills, and the ability to communicate. It also supports locomotor functions, especially rapid reactions and reflexes.
  • CROOK, Thomas H.; TINKLENBERG, J.; YESAVAGE, J.; PETRIE, W.; NUNZI, M. G.; MASSARI, D. C. Effects of phosphatidylserine in age‐associated memory impairment. Neurology, 1991, 41.5: 644-649. PMID:2027477
  • KIM, Hee-Yong; HUANG, Bill X.; SPECTOR, Arthur A. Phosphatidylserine in the brain: metabolism and function. Progress in lipid research, 2014, 56: 1-18. PMID:24992464
  • CENACCHI, Teresa; BERTOLDIN, T.; FARINA, C.; FIORI, M. G.; CREPALDI, G. Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 1993, 5.2: 123-133. PMID:8323999
  • MAGGIONI, M.; PICOTTI, G. B.; BONDIOLOTTI, G. P.; PANERAI, A.; CENACCHI, T.; NOBILE, P.; BRAMBILLA, F. Effects of phosphatidylserine therapy in geriatric patients with depressive disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1990, 81.3: 265-270. PMID:1693032
  • MCDANIEL, Mark A.; MAIER, Steven F.; EINSTEIN, Gilles O. “Brain-specific” nutrients: a memory cure?. Nutrition, 2003, 19.11-12: 957-975. PMID:14624946
    CONCLUSIONS: In sum, for most of the "brain-specific" nutrients we review, some mildly suggestive effects have been found in preliminary controlled studies using standard psychometric memory assessments or more general tests designed to reveal cognitive impairment. We suggest that future evaluations of the possible memory benefits of these supplements might fruitfully focus on memory processes rather than on memory tests per se.
• The properties of Folic Acid boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • GUILLAND, Jean-Claude; AIMONE-GASTIN, Isabelle. Vitamin B9. La Revue du praticien, 2013, 63.8, 1079: 1081-4. PMID:24298825
  • BOURRE, Jean-Marie. Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 2006, 10.5: 377. PMID:17066209
• The properties of Levocarnitine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  ALCAR is an acetylated form of the amino acid L-Carnitine. When cAMP is increased in neurons by forskolin, studies have shown that levels of acetylcholinesterase are also increased and help to mitigate the effects of increased acetylcholinesterase on short-term memory and energy.
  • MALAGUARNERA, Michele; GARGANTE, M. P.; CRISTALDI, E.; COLONNA, V.; MESSANO, M.; KOVERECH, A.; NERI, S.; VACANTE, M.; CAMMALLERI, L.; MOTTA, M. Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) treatment in elderly patients with fatigue. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 2008, 46.2: 181-190. PMID:17658628
  • VERMEULEN, Ruud C. W.; SCHOLTE, Hans R. Exploratory open label, randomized study of acetyl-and propionylcarnitine in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychosomatic medicine, 2004, 66.2: 276-282. PMID:15039515
    CONCLUSIONS: Acetylcarnitine and propionylcarnitine showed beneficial effect on fatigue and attention concentration. Less improvement was found by the combined treatment. Acetylcarnitine had main effect on mental fatigue and propionylcarnitine on general fatigue.
  • BAK, Seong Wan; CHOI, H.; PARK, H. H.; LEE, K. Y.; LEE, Y. J.; YOON, M. Y.; KOH, S. H. Neuroprotective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neural stem cell death. Molecular neurobiology, 2016, 53.10: 6644-6652. PMID:26643543
• The properties of Nicotinic Acid boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • KENNEDY, David O. B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy--A Review. Nutrients, 2016, 8.2: 68. PMID:26828517
• The properties of Zinc boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • BOURRE, Jean-Marie. Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 2006, 10.5: 377. PMID:17066209
  • GROMOVA, O. A.; et al. Synergistic Application of Zinc and Vitamin C to Support Memory, Attention and the Reduction of the Risk of the Neurological Diseases. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni SS Korsakova, 2017, 117.7: 112-119. PMID:28805771
• The properties of Riboflavin boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • KENNEDY, David O. B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy--A Review. Nutrients, 2016, 8.2: 68. PMID:26828517
• The properties of D-Pantothenic Acid boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • KENNEDY, David O. B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy--A Review. Nutrients, 2016, 8.2: 68. PMID:26828517
• The properties of Pyridoxine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Required for the biosynthesis of several neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, and GABA. CILTEP features the metabolically active form of vitamin B-6 (Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate) to ensure optimal cognitive function.
  • BOURRE, Jean-Marie. Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 2006, 10.5: 377. PMID:17066209
  • RAMOS, Rúben J.; et al. Vitamin B6 Is Essential for Serine De Novo Biosynthesis. Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 2017, 40.6: 883-891. PMID:28801717
• The properties of Pyridoxal Phosphate boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • RAMOS, Rúben J.; et al. Vitamin B6 Is Essential for Serine De Novo Biosynthesis. Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 2017, 40.6: 883-891. PMID:28801717
• The properties of Mentha X Piperita boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Peppermint essential oil (Mentha piperita) favorably modulates performance in cognitive tasks and alleviates the increase in mental fatigue associated with performing extended cognitive tasks in healthy adults.
  • KENNEDY, David; et al. Volatile Terpenes and Brain Function: Investigation of the Cognitive and Mood Effects of Mentha × Piperita L. Essential Oil with In Vitro Properties Relevant to Central Nervous System Function. Nutrients, 2018, 10.8: 1029. PMID:30087294
    Conclusion: Peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil with high levels of menthol/menthone and characteristic in vitro cholinergic inhibitory, calcium regulatory and GABAA/nicotinic receptor binding properties, beneficially modulated performance on demanding cognitive tasks and attenuated the increase in mental fatigue associated with extended cognitive task performance in healthy adults. Future investigations should consider investigating higher doses.
• The properties of Piper Nigrum boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • JOSHI, Hanumanthachar; PARLE, Milind. Effects of piperine on memory and behavior mediated via monoamine neurotransmiters. Journal of Traditional Medicines, 2005, 22.2+ 3: 39-43.
  • NEWERLI-GUZ, Joanna; ŚMIECHOWSKA, Maria. Assessment of the contents of piperine in black pepper berries Piper nigrum L. Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna, 2009, XLII: 827–830.
• The properties of Piperine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • JOSHI, Hanumanthachar; PARLE, Milind. Effects of piperine on memory and behavior mediated via monoamine neurotransmiters. Journal of Traditional Medicines, 2005, 22.2+ 3: 39-43.
• The properties of Chlorogenic Acid boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • SAITOU, Katsuyoshi; et al. Effect of Chlorogenic Acids on Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 2018, 10.10: 1337. PMID:30241302
    Conclusions: These results suggest that CGAs may improve some cognitive functions, which would help in the efficient performance of complex tasks.
  • HEITMAN, Erin; INGRAM, Donald K. Cognitive and neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid. Nutritional neuroscience, 2017, 20.1: 32-39. PMID:25130715
• The properties of Centella Asiatica boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Gotu Kola: known nootropic, revitalizes brain and nervous system, increases attention span, improves long term memory.
  • PUTTARAK, Panupong; et al. Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. on cognitive function and mood related outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Scientific reports, 2017, 7.1: 10646. PMID:28878245
  • SHINOMOL, G. K.; et al. Exploring the Role of “Brahmi” (Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica) in Brain Function and Therapy. Recent patents on endocrine, metabolic & immune drug discovery, 2011, 5.1: 33-49. PMID:22074576
• The properties of Resveratrol boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • CAO, Wenyan; DOU, Ying; LI, Aiping. Resveratrol boosts cognitive function by targeting SIRT1. Neurochemical research, 2018, 43.9: 1705-1713. PMID:29943083
  • MARX, Wolfgang; KELLY, J. T.; MARSHALL, S.; CUTAJAR, J.; ANNOIS, B.; PIPINGAS, A.; TIERNEY, A.; ITSIOPOULOS, C. Effect of resveratrol supplementation on cognitive performance and mood in adults: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition reviews, 2018, 76.6: 432-443. PMID:29596658
    Conclusions: The results of this review indicate that resveratrol supplementation might improve select measures of cognitive performance; however, the current literature is inconsistent and limited.
• The properties of Pterostilbene boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • ESTRELA, Jose M.; ORTEGA, A.; MENA, S.; RODRIGUEZ, M. L.; ASENSI, M. Pterostilbene: biomedical applications. Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences, 2013, 50.3: 65-78. PMID:23808710
  • JOSEPH, James A.; FISHER, D. R.; CHENG, V.; RIMANDO, A. M.; SHUKITT-HALE, B. Cellular and behavioral effects of stilbene resveratrol analogues: implications for reducing the deleterious effects of aging. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2008, 56.22: 10544-10551. PMID:18954071
• The properties of Huperzia Serrata boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • HUANG, Ji; ZHAO, Ailing. Analysis of dynamic change of huperzine A content in Huperzia serrata. China journal of Chinese materia medica, 2010, 35.19: 2511-2515. PMID:21174755
• The properties of Magnesium boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • BOURRE, Jean-Marie. Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 2006, 10.5: 377. PMID:17066209
  • HUSKISSON, E.; MAGGINI, S.; RUF, M. The influence of micronutrients on cognitive function and performance. Journal of international medical research, 2007, 35.1: 1-19. PMID:17408051
  • KIRKLAND, Anna; SARLO, Gabrielle; HOLTON, Kathleen. The role of magnesium in neurological disorders. Nutrients, 2018, 10.6: 730. PMID:29882776
  • EBY, Karen L. Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment. Medical hypotheses, 2006, 67.2: 362-370. PMID:16542786
  • ABBASI, Behnood; KIMIAGAR, M.; SADEGHNIIAT, K.; SHIRAZI, M. M.; HEDAYATI, M.; RASHIDKHANI, B. The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2012, 17.12: 1161. PMID:16542786
    CONCLUSION: Supplementation of magnesium appears to improve subjective measures of insomnia such as ISI score, sleep efficiency, sleep time and sleep onset latency, early morning awakening, and likewise, insomnia objective measures such as concentration of serum renin, melatonin, and serum cortisol, in elderly people.
• The properties of Magnesium Stearate boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • BOURRE, Jean-Marie. Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 2006, 10.5: 377. PMID:17066209
  • HUSKISSON, E.; MAGGINI, S.; RUF, M. The influence of micronutrients on cognitive function and performance. Journal of international medical research, 2007, 35.1: 1-19. PMID:17408051
  • KIRKLAND, Anna; SARLO, Gabrielle; HOLTON, Kathleen. The role of magnesium in neurological disorders. Nutrients, 2018, 10.6: 730. PMID:29882776
• The properties of Cannabis Sativa boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Helps positively regulate mood patterns which help reduce anxiety and stress. It also promotes better sleep cycles and in some cases may offer a safe remedy for depression and bipolar disorders.
  • GULLUNI, Nadia; et al. Cannabis Essential Oil: A Preliminary Study for the Evaluation of the Brain Effects. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018, 2018: . PMID:29576792
  • PRETZSCH, Charlotte M.; et al. Effects of cannabidivarin (CBDV) on brain excitation and inhibition systems in adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a single dose trial during magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Translational psychiatry, 2019, 9.1: 1-10. PMID:31748505
• The properties of Cannabinoid boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • FERNáNDEZ-RUIZ, Javier; et al. The endogenous cannabinoid system and brain development. Trends in neurosciences, 2000, 23.1: 14-20. PMID:10631784
  • SCHONHOFEN, Patrícia; et al. Cannabinoid-Based Therapies and Brain Development: Potential Harmful Effect of Early Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System. CNS drugs, 2018, 32.8: 697-712. PMID:30109642
  • FERNáNDEZ-RUIZ, J. J.; et al. Role of endocannabinoids in brain development. Life Sciences, 1999, 65.6-7: 725-736. PMID:10462073
  • BURGGREN, Alison C.; et al. Cannabis effects on brain structure, function, and cognition: considerations for medical uses of cannabis and its derivatives. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2019, 45.6: 563-579. PMID:31365275
    Conclusions: The findings point to considerations for age limits and guidelines for use.
• The properties of Cannabidiol boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Cannabidiol (CBD) is a constituent non-psychotomimetic of Cannabis Sativa with great psychiatric potential, including uses as an antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like compound. It has anti-inflammatory and antipsychotic-like properties. CBD positive impact on the neural system helps reduce age-related cognitive decline. It also helps support focus, alertness & memory recall while reducing the frequency of migraines and headaches.
  • DE MELLO SCHIER, Alexandre R.; et al. Antidepressant-like and Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Cannabidiol: A Chemical Compound of Cannabis Sativa. Current Drug Targets-CNS & Neurological Disorders, 2014, 13.6: 953-960. PMID:24923339
  • OSBORNE, Ashleigh L.; SOLOWIJ, Nadia; WESTON-GREEN, Katrina. A Systematic Review of the Effect of Cannabidiol on Cognitive Function: Relevance to Schizophrenia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2017, 72: 310-324. PMID:27884751
    Conclusions: The efficacy of CBD to improve cognition in schizophrenia cannot be elucidated due to lack of clinical evidence; however, given the ability of CBD to restore cognition in multiple studies of impairment, further investigation into its efficacy in schizophrenia is warranted. Potential mechanisms underlying the efficacy of CBD to improve cognition are discussed.
  • SOARES, Vanessa P.; CAMPOS, Alline C. Evidences for the Anti-panic Actions of Cannabidiol. Current neuropharmacology, 2017, 15.2: 291-299. PMID:27157263
    
  • BLESSING, Esther M.; et al. Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 2015, 12.4: 825-836. PMID:26341731
  • DE MELLO SCHIER, Alexandre R.; et al. Cannabidiol, a Cannabis Sativa Constituent, as an Anxiolytic Drug. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 2012, 34: 104-110. PMID:22729452
    Conclusion: Future clinical trials involving patients with different anxiety disorders are warranted, especially of panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorders. The adequate therapeutic window of CBD and the precise mechanisms involved in its anxiolytic action remain to be determined.
  • ZUARDI, Antonio Waldo; et al. Cannabidiol, a Cannabis Sativa Constituent, as an Antipsychotic Drug. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research, 2006, 39.4: 421-429. PMID:16612464
  • ESPEJO-PORRAS, Francisco; et al. Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors. Neuropharmacology, 2013, 75: 155-163. PMID:23924692
    Conclusion: Collectively, these results suggest that CBD may influence motor activity, in particular vertical activity, and that this effect seems to be dependent on its ability to target the 5-HT1A receptor, a mechanism of action that has been proposed to account for its anti-emetic, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.
  • IANNOTTI, Fabio Arturo; et al. Nonpsychotropic plant cannabinoids, cannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabidiol (CBD), activate and desensitize transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in vitro: potential for the treatment of neuronal hyperexcitability. ACS chemical neuroscience, 2014, 5.11: 1131-1141. PMID:25029033
• The properties of Cannabidiolic Acid boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • HEN-SHOVAL, D.; et al. Acute oral cannabidiolic acid methyl ester reduces depression-like behavior in two genetic animal models of depression. Behavioural brain research, 2018, 351: 1-3. PMID:29860002
  • ESPEJO-PORRAS, Francisco; et al. Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors. Neuropharmacology, 2013, 75: 155-163. PMID:23924692
    Conclusion: Collectively, these results suggest that CBD may influence motor activity, in particular vertical activity, and that this effect seems to be dependent on its ability to target the 5-HT1A receptor, a mechanism of action that has been proposed to account for its anti-emetic, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.
• The properties of Cannabidivarin boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • IANNOTTI, Fabio Arturo; et al. Nonpsychotropic plant cannabinoids, cannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabidiol (CBD), activate and desensitize transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in vitro: potential for the treatment of neuronal hyperexcitability. ACS chemical neuroscience, 2014, 5.11: 1131-1141. PMID:25029033
  • PRETZSCH, Charlotte M.; et al. Effects of cannabidivarin (CBDV) on brain excitation and inhibition systems in adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a single dose trial during magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Translational psychiatry, 2019, 9.1: 1-10. PMID:31748505
• The properties of Cannabigerol boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • CASCIO, Maria Grazia; et al. Evidence that the plant cannabinoid cannabigerol is a highly potent alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist and moderately potent 5HT1A receptor antagonist. British journal of pharmacology, 2010, 159.1: 129-141. PMID:20002104
• The properties of 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • SLEIMAN, Sama F.; HENRY, J.; AL-HADDAD, R.; EL HAYEK, L.; ABOU HAIDAR, E.; STRINGER, T.; ULJA, D.; KARUPPAGOUNDER, S. S.; HOLSON, E. B.; RATAN, R. R.; NINAN, I.; CHAO, M. V. Exercise promotes the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through the action of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate. Elife, 2016, 5: e15092. PMID:27253067
  • MURRAY, Andrew J.; et al. Novel ketone diet enhances physical and cognitive performance. The FASEB Journal, 2016, 30.12: 4021-4032. PMID:27528626
  • LUTAS, Andrew; YELLEN, Gary. The ketogenic diet: metabolic influences on brain excitability and epilepsy. Trends in neurosciences, 2013, 36.1: 32-40. PMID:23228828
  • YAMANASHI, Takehiko; et al. Beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenic NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, attenuates stress-induced behavioral and inflammatory responses. Scientific reports, 2017, 7.1: 7677. PMID:28794421
  • REGER, Mark A.; et al. Effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate on cognition in memory-impaired adults. Neurobiology of aging, 2004, 25.3: 311-314. PMID:15123336
  • NEWPORT, Mary T.; et al. A new way to produce hyperketonemia: use of ketone ester in a case of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2015, 11.1: 99-103. PMID:25301680
    CONCLUSION: KME-induced hyperketonemia is robust, convenient, and safe, and the ester can be taken as an oral supplement without changing the habitual diet. Published by Elsevier Inc.
  • ACHANTA, Lavanya B.; RAE, Caroline D. β-Hydroxybutyrate in the Brain: One Molecule, Multiple Mechanisms. Neurochemical research, 2017, 42.1: 35-49. PMID:27826689
• The properties of Cynara Scolymus boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Artichoke extract contains Luteolin, a safe natural inhibitor of PDE4. PDE4 inhibitors have been shown to have significant nootropic effects including increased cognition, improved long term memory, increased wakefulness, and neuroprotection.
• The properties of Forskolin boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Forskolin derived from Coleus Forskohlii activates the enzyme adenylyl cyclase which increases intracellular levels of cAMP. The result is an overall improvement of cognitive function, especially memory formation and retention of new information.
• The properties of Taurine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • CHEN, Chaoran; et al. Roles of taurine in cognitive function of physiology, pathologies and toxication. Life sciences, 2019, 231: 116584. PMID:31220527
  • BAE, Mi Ae; et al. Past Taurine Intake Has a Positive Effect on Present Cognitive Function in the Elderly. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2017, 975:1: 67-77. PMID:28849444
  • EL IDRISSI, Abdeslem; SHEN, Chang Hui; L'AMOREAUX, William J. Neuroprotective role of taurine during aging. Amino acids, 2013, 45.4: 735-750. PMID:23963537
  • BAE, Mi Ae; et al. The Development of Taurine Supplementary Menus for the Prevention of Dementia and Their Positive Effect on the Cognitive Function in the Elderly with Dementia. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2019, 1155: 335-347. PMID:31468412
  • BAE, Mi Ae; et al. Exercise and taurine in inflammation, cognition, and peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier integrity in older women. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2018, 43.7: 733-741. PMID:29474803
• The properties of Theacrine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  TeaCrine® unleashes your maximum potential. It is an extremely effective in combination with caffeine. Does not cause irritation or the caffeine crash. Regardless of whether you expect support in mental effort or during training in the gym, TeaCrine® supports you just as effectively.
  • ZIEGENFUSS, Tim N.; et al. A Two-Part Approach to Examine the Effects of Theacrine (TeaCrine®) Supplementation on Oxygen Consumption, Hemodynamic Responses, and Subjective Measures of Cognitive and Psychometric Parameters. Journal of dietary supplements, 2017, 14.1: 9-24. PMID:27164220
  • TAYLOR, Lem; et al. Safety of TeaCrine®, a non-habituating, naturally-occurring purine alkaloid over eight weeks of continuous use. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2016, 13.1: 2. PMID:26766930
    CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the clinical safety and non-habituating neuro-energetic effects of TeaCrine® supplementation over 8 weeks of daily use (up to 300 mg/day). Moreover, there was no evidence of a tachyphylactic response that is typical of neuroactive agents such as caffeine and other stimulants.
  • BELLO, Marissa L.; et al. The effects of TeaCrine® and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2019, 16.1: 20. PMID:30999897
    CONCLUSIONS: The 27-38% improvements in TTE reflect increased performance capacity that may have important implications for overtime scenarios. These findings suggest TeaCrine® favorably impacts endurance and the combination with caffeine provides greater benefits on cognitive function than either supplement independently.
• The properties of Withania Somnifera boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Ashwagandha: improves memory, increases learning ability, supports cognitive ability, increase focus, helps reduce stress, build energy, improve muscle function.
  • ANDRADE, Chittaranjan; et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the anxiolytic efficacy ff an ethanolic extract of withania somnifera. Indian journal of psychiatry, 2000, 42.3: 295. PMID:21407960
  • YENISETTI, Sarat; et al. Neuropharmacological Properties of Withania somnifera - Indian Ginseng: An Overview on Experimental Evidence with Emphasis on Clinical Trials and Patents. Recent patents on CNS drug discovery, 2015, 10.2: 204-215. PMID:27316579
    CONCLUSION: Generation of new data by employing systematic contemporary approaches such as bioinformatics, molecular docking studies, identification of specific gene targets and epigenetic regulation would provide the necessary impetus to validate fully the neurotherapeutic potential of the phytochemicals derived from WS. More importantly, well-designed clinical trials are required to exploit the neuromodulatory propensity of WS extract/bioactives in specific neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD.
  • CANDELARIO, Manuel; et al. Direct evidence for GABAergic activity of Withania somnifera on mammalian ionotropic GABAA and GABAρ receptors. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2015, 171: 264-272. PMID:26068424
    CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence indicating that key constituents in WS may have an important role in the development of pharmacological treatments for neurological disorders associated with GABAergic signaling dysfunction such as general anxiety disorders, sleep disturbances, muscle spasms, and seizures. In addition, the differential activation of GABA receptor subtypes elucidates a potential mechanism by which WS accomplishes its reported adaptogenic properties.
  • DAR, Nawab John; et al. Neurodegenerative diseases and Withania somnifera (L.): An update. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020, 28.256: 112769. PMID:32240781
    Conclusion: In this review, we recapitulated neuroprotective properties of Ashwagandha extracts and/or its major constituents and discussed their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications. The pre-clinical as well as clinical studies suggest the use of Withania somnifera (L.) against neurodegenerative disease. However, extensive studies are warranted to validate the use of extract or its single constituents for its clinical use.
• The properties of Fish Oil boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • BOESPFLUG, E. L.; et al. Fish Oil Supplementation Increases Event-Related Posterior Cingulate Activation in Older Adults With Subjective Memory Impairment. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2016, 20.2: 161-169. PMID:26812512
    Conclusion: Dietary fish oil supplementation increases red blood cell omega-3 content, working memory performance, and BOLD signal in the posterior cingulate cortex during greater working memory load in older adults with subjective memory impairment suggesting enhanced neuronal response to working memory challenge.
  • FORTES CAVALCANTI DE MACêDO, Patrícia; et al. Fish Oil and Treadmill Exercise Have Age-Dependent Effects on Episodic Memory and Oxidative State of the Hippocampus. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2017, 42.5: 503-510. PMID:28177723
  • FIRLąG, Maciej; et al. Long-term Consumption of Fish Oil Partially Protects Brain Tissue From Age-Related Neurodegeneration. Advances in Hygiene & Experimental Medicine, 2015, 69: . PMID:25661918
  • CEDERHOLM, Tommy; SALEM JR, Norman; PALMBLAD, Jan. ω-3 Fatty Acids in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Humans. Advances in nutrition, 2013, 4.6: 672-676. PMID:24228198
• The properties of Omega-3 Acids boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  The omega-3 fatty acids are essential dietary nutrients and one of their important roles is providing the fatty acid with 22 carbons and 6 double bonds known as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for nervous tissue growth and function. Inadequate intakes of omega-3 fatty acids decrease DHA and increase omega-6 fatty acids in the brain. Human studies suggest that an adequate dietary intake of ω-3 PUFA can slow the age-related cognitive decline and may also protect against the risk of senile dementia.
  • INNIS, Sheila M. Dietary Omega 3 Fatty Acids and the Developing Brain. Brain research, 2008, 1237: 35-43. PMID:18789910
  • LAYé, Sophie; et al. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Brain: Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance to Pharmacology. Pharmacological Reviews, 2018, 70.1: 12-38. PMID:29217656
  • DERBYSHIRE, Emma; et al. Brain Health Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review on the Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements. Nutrients, 2018, 10.8: 1094. PMID:30111738
  • DENIS, I.; et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Brain Resistance to Ageing and Stress: Body of Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Ageing research reviews, 2013, 12.2: 579-594. PMID:23395782
  • CEDERHOLM, Tommy; SALEM JR, Norman; PALMBLAD, Jan. ω-3 Fatty Acids in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Humans. Advances in nutrition, 2013, 4.6: 672-676. PMID:24228198
• The properties of Docosahexaenoic Acid boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enriched in phospholipids in the brain and retina, is known to play multi-functional roles in brain health and diseases. The inclusion of plentiful DHA in the diet improves learning ability, whereas deficiencies of DHA are associated with deficits in learning. DHA is taken up by the brain in preference to other fatty acids.
  • SUN, Grace Y.; et al. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): An Essential Nutrient and a Nutraceutical for Brain Health and Diseases. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2018, 136: 3-13. PMID:28314621
  • HORROCKS, Lloyd A.; YEO, Young K. Health Benefits of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Pharmacological research, 1999, 40.3: 211-225. PMID:10479465
  • STRIKE, Siobhán C.; CARLISLE, A.; GIBSON, E. L.; DYALL, S. C. A high omega-3 fatty acid multinutrient supplement benefits cognition and mobility in older women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2015, 71.2: 236-242. PMID:26265727
    CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, multinutrient supplementation improved cognition and mobility in able older females at clinically relevant levels, suggesting a potential role in reducing the decline to frailty.
  • LACOMBE, RJ Scott; CHOUINARD-WATKINS, Raphaël; BAZINET, Richard P. Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Uptake and Metabolism. Molecular aspects of medicine, 2018, 64: 109-134. PMID:29305120
  • ECHEVERRíA, Francisca; et al. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fundamental fatty acid for the brain: New dietary sources. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2017, 124: 1-10. PMID:28870371
  • WEISER, Michael J.; BUTT, Christopher M.; MOHAJERI, M. Hasan. Docosahexaenoic acid and cognition throughout the lifespan. Nutrients, 2016, 8.2: 99. PMID:26901223
  • DENIS, I.; et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Brain Resistance to Ageing and Stress: Body of Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Ageing research reviews, 2013, 12.2: 579-594. PMID:23395782
  • CEDERHOLM, Tommy; SALEM JR, Norman; PALMBLAD, Jan. ω-3 Fatty Acids in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Humans. Advances in nutrition, 2013, 4.6: 672-676. PMID:24228198
• The properties of Eicosapentaenoic Acid boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • BAZINET, Richard P.; et al. Brain Eicosapentaenoic Acid Metabolism as a Lead for Novel Therapeutics in Major Depression. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2019, Jul 3: . PMID:31278982
  • CEDERHOLM, Tommy; SALEM JR, Norman; PALMBLAD, Jan. ω-3 Fatty Acids in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Humans. Advances in nutrition, 2013, 4.6: 672-676. PMID:24228198
• The properties of 5-Hydroxytryptophan boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Therapeutic administration of 5-HTP has been shown to be effective in treating a wide variety of conditions, including depression, fibromyalgia, binge eating associated with obesity, chronic headaches, and insomnia.
  • BIRDSALL, Timothy C.; et al. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: A Clinically-Effective Serotonin Precursor. Alternative medicine review: a journal of clinical therapeutic, 1998, 3.4: 271-280. PMID:9727088
• The properties of Phenylalanine boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  An essential amino acid found in some foods that the brain uses to make dopamine. This amino acid acts as fuel to support efficient dopamine metabolism for maximum motivation and a positive mood.
• The properties of Hypericum Perforatum boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • BEN-ELIEZER, Daniel; YECHIAM, Eldad. Hypericum Perforatum as a Cognitive Enhancer in Rodents: A Meta-Analysis. Scientific reports, 2016, 6: 35700. PMID:27762349
• The properties of Ocimum Tenuiflorum boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • SAMPATH, Suneetha; et al. Holy Basil (Ocimum Sanctum Linn.) Leaf Extract Enhances Specific Cognitive Parameters in Healthy Adult Volunteers: A Placebo Controlled Study. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2015, 59.1: 69-77. PMID:26571987
    Conclusion: Ocimum sanctum leaf extract seems to have potential cognition-enhancing properties in humans.
  • SINGH, Varinder; et al. Evaluation of Anti-Amnesic Effect of Extracts of Selected Ocimum Species Using In-Vitro and In-Vivo Models. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2016, 193: 490-499. PMID:27725240
    Conclusion: OBE possesses antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activity. These biochemical changes are responsible for the anti-amnesic and neuroprotective activities of O. basilicum which may be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. This can be developed as an effective anti-amnesic drug.
• The properties of Medium-Chain Triglyceride boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Intake of MCT oil increase serum ketone bodies and improved memory.
  • REBELLO, Candida J.; et al. Pilot Feasibility and Safety Study Examining the Effect of Medium Chain Triglyceride Supplementation in Subjects With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BBA clinical, 2015, 3: 123-125. PMID:26675661
    Conclusions: Consumption of 56 g/day of MCTs for 24 weeks increases serum ketone concentrations and appears to be a candidate for larger randomized control trials in the future that quantify the modulation of cognitive function through supplementation with ketone precursors, in patients with MCI.
  • AVGERINOS, Konstantinos I.; et al. Medium Chain Triglycerides Induce Mild Ketosis and May Improve Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Studies. Ageing Research Reviews, 2020, 58: 101001. PMID:31870908
    Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, we demonstrated that MCTs can induce mild ketosis and may improve cognition in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. However, risk of bias of existing studies necessitates future trials.
• The properties of Curcuma Longa boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • FLORES, Gonzalo. Curcuma longa L. Extract Improves the Cortical Neural Connectivity During the Aging Process. Neural regeneration research, 2017, 12.6: 875. PMID:28761413
• The properties of Curcumin boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  Curcumin is more effective in improving cognitive function in the elderly.
  • ZHU, Li‐Na; et al. Curcumin Intervention for Cognitive Function in Different Types of People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phytotherapy Research, 2019, 33.3: 524-533. PMID:30575152
  • SARKER, Marjana Rahman; FRANKS, Susan F. Efficacy of Curcumin for Age-Associated Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Geroscience, 2018, 40.2: 73-95. PMID:29679204
• The properties of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  • PERVIN, Monira; et al. Function of Green Tea Catechins in the Brain: Epigallocatechin Gallate and its Metabolites. International journal of molecular sciences, 2019, 20.15: 3630. PMID:31349535
  • CAMFIELD, David A.; et al. Acute effects of tea constituents L-theanine, caffeine, and epigallocatechin gallate on cognitive function and mood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews, 2014, 72.8: 507-522. PMID:24946991
• The properties of Salvia Officinalis boosting Brain / Mental Clarity:
  There is increasing evidence to suggest that S. officinalis has cognitive- and memory-enhancing effects. Clinical trials confirm the results of animal studies and demonstrated that S. officinalis enhances cognitive performance both in healthy participants and patients with cognitive impairment or dementia. The aroma of S. officinalis essential oil could enhance prospective memory performance in healthy adults. Ethanolic extract of this plant improve memory and attention in healthy older subjects.
  • MIRODDI, Marco; et al. Systematic review of clinical trials assessing pharmacological properties of Salvia species on memory, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2014, 20.6: 485-495. PMID:24836739
  • MOSS, Lucy; et al. Differential effects of the aromas of Salvia species on memory and mood. Clinical and Experimental, 2010, 25.5: 388-396. PMID:20589925
  • SCHOLEY, Andrew B.; et al. An extract of Salvia (sage) with anticholinesterase properties improves memory and attention in healthy older volunteers. Psychopharmacology, 2008, 198.1: 127-139. PMID:18350281
    Conclusions: The overall pattern of results is consistent with a dose-related benefit to processes involved in efficient stimulus processing and/or memory consolidation rather than retrieval or working memory efficiency. These findings extend those of the memory-enhancing effects of Salvia extracts in younger populations and warrant further investigation in larger series, in other populations and with different dosing regimes.
  • AKHONDZADEH, S.; et al. Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2003, 28.1: 53-59. PMID:12605619
    Conclusions: The results of this study indicate the efficacy of S. officinalis extract in the management of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, S. officinalis may well reduce agitation of patients but this needs to be confirmed.
  • MOSS, Lucy; ROUSE, Michelle. Aromas of salvia species enhance everyday prospective memory performance in healthy young adults. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2014, 4: 339-346.
  • TILDESLEY, Nicola T. J.; et al. Positive modulation of mood and cognitive performance following administration of acute doses of Salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil to healthy young volunteers. Physiology & behavior, 2005, 83.5: 699-709. PMID:15639154