Sale Craig, Elliott-Sale Kirsty Jayne
Sports Medicine, 2019
Abstract
Athletes should pay more attention to their bone health, whether this relates to their longer-term bone health (e.g. risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis) or their shorter-term risk of bony injuries. Perhaps the easiest way to do this would be to modify their training loads, although this advice rarely seems popular with coaches and athletes for obvious reasons. As such, other possibilities to support the athletes' bone health need to be explored. Given that bone is a nutritionally modified tissue and diet has a significant influence on bone health across the lifespan, diet and nutritional composition seem like obvious candidates for manipulation. The nutritional requirements to support the skeleton during growth and development and during ageing are unlikely to be notably different between athletes and the general population, although there are some considerations of specific relevance, including energy availability, low carbohydrate availability, protein intake, vitamin D intake and dermal calcium and sodium losses. Energy availability is important for optimising bone health in the athlete, although normative energy balance targets are highly unrealistic for many athletes. The level of energy availability beyond which there is no negative effect for the bone needs to be established. On the balance of the available evidence it would seem unlikely that higher animal protein intakes, in the amounts recommended to athletes, are harmful to bone health, particularly with adequate calcium intake. Dermal calcium losses might be an important consideration for endurance athletes, particularly during long training sessions or events. In these situations, some consideration should be given to pre-exercise calcium feeding. The avoidance of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is important for the athlete to protect their bone health. There remains a lack of information relating to the longer-term effects of different dietary and nutritional practices on bone health in athletes, something that needs to be addressed before specific guidance can be provided.
Conflict of interest statement
While some of the authors’ own work described herein was funded by the UK Ministry of Defence (Army) and the English Institute of Sport, Craig Sale and Kirsty Elliott-Sale declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review.PMID: | 31696454 |
---|---|
PMCID (Free PMC Article): | PMC6901417 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s40279-019-01161-2 |
Category: | Joint / Bone Health |
Category: | Sports Nutrition |
The best supplements with Cholecalciferol or Calcium in Joint / Bone Health category:
- PowerCal, Advanced Calcium Formula, 900 mg, 360 Capsules (Zahler) - Promotes Healthy Bones, Teeth, and GumsCalcium is important for building and maintaining optimal bone health throughout life. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol, Calcium.
- PowerCal, Advanced Calcium Formula, 1,000 mg, 180 Tablets (Zahler) - PowerCal tablets is a supplement formulated to promote stronger bones, teeth and healthy gums. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol, Calcium.
- D3, 25 mcg (1,000 IU), 110 Tablets (21st Century) - Vitamin D3 is essential for absorption of calcium and support bone, teeth, and immune system health. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol, Calcium.
- AllFlex, All-In-One Joint Formula, 60 Capsules (ALLMAX Nutrition) - Athletes' Joints Take A Pounding. It contains among others: Calcium.
- Magnesium, 250 mg, 110 Tablets (21st Century) - Magnesium is an essential mineral and supports bone and muscle health. It contains among others: Calcium.
- Calcium Magnesium Zinc + D3, 90 Tablets (21st Century) - Calcium, Magnesium and Zinc, an important mineral trio plus D3, supports bones, muscles and the immune system. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol, Calcium.
- Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol), 25 mcg (1,000 IU), 250 Softgels (Solgar) - Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is required to promote calcium absorption, which helps to maintain healthy bones and teeth. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol), 125 mcg (5,000 IU), 100 Softgels (Solgar) - Vitamin D is required to promote calcium absorption, which helps to maintain healthy bones and teeth. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol), 250 mcg (10,000 IU), 120 Softgels (Solgar) - Vitamin D is required to promote calcium absorption, which helps to maintain healthy bones and teeth. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Vitamin D-3 Drops, 4,000 IU, 0.5 fl oz (15 ml) (Nature's Answer) - Vitamin D is called the 'Sunshine Vitamin' because it is produced naturally by the body after exposure to 20 min - 1/2 hour of sunlight. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Vitamin D-3 & K-2, Liposomal Spray, D-3 1,000 IU / K-2 100 mcg, 2 fl oz (59 ml) (Now Foods) - Now Vitamin D-3 & K-2 Liposomal Spray combines two nutrients known for their benefits in bones, teeth and the cardiovascular system. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- UC-II Joint Health, Undenatured Type II Collagen, 60 Veg Capsules (Now Foods) - Cartilage is one of the primary connective tissues of the body, providing flexibility and support to joints. It contains among others: Calcium.
- Bone Strength, 240 Capsules (Now Foods) - Microcrystalline Hydroxyapatite (MCHA) is a compound that normally makes up the crystalline matrix of bone and teeth and is the substance that gives them their rigidity. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Magnesium & Calcium, Reverse 2:1 Ratio with Zinc and Vitamin D-3 250 Tablets (Now Foods) - This reverse ratio formula is formulated to provide higher levels of Magnesium for those who desire the nerve, muscle and bone supporting effects of this essential mineral. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol, Calcium.
- Silica Complex, 180 Tablets (Now Foods) - Silica is a naturally occurring element necessary for the production of collagen and glycosaminoglycan, two structural compounds important for the health of skin and joints. It contains among others: Calcium.
- Calcium Citrate, Pure Powder, 8 oz (227 g) (Now Foods) - Calcium Citrate is an optimal calcium supplement formulated to exacting specifications. It contains among others: Calcium.
- Boron, 3 mg, 250 Capsules (Now Foods) - Boron is a biologically active trace mineral that affects calcium, magnesium and phosphorus metabolism. It contains among others: Calcium.
- Vitamin D-3, 400 IU, 180 Softgels (Now Foods) - Now Vitamin D-3 softgels supply this key vitamin in a highly-absorbable liquid softgel form. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Calcium Carbonate Powder, 12 oz (340 g) (Now Foods) - NOW Calcium Carbonate is a Calcium supplement containing one of the highest concentrations of elemental Calcium available. It contains among others: Calcium.
- Vitamin D-3, High Potency, 2,000 IU, 30 Softgels (Now Foods) - NOW Vitamin D-3 softgels supply this key vitamin in a highly absorbable liquid softgel form. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Magnesium & Calcium, Reverse 2:1 Ratio with Zinc and Vitamin D-3, 100 Tablets (Now Foods) - This reverse ratio formula is formulated to provide higher levels of Magnesium for those who desire the never, muscle and bone supporting effects of this essential mineral. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol, Calcium.
- Calcium & Magnesium, with Vitamin D-3 and Zinc, 240 Softgels (Now Foods) - NOW Calcium & Magnesium Softgels include Vitamin D-3 and Zinc, offering a truly balanced blend of essential minerals. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol, Calcium.
- Vitamin D-3 High Potency, 1,000 IU, 360 Softgels (Now Foods) - NOW Vitamin D-3 softgels supply this key vitamin in a highly-absorbable liquid softgel form. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Calcium Citrate, 250 Tablets (Now Foods) - Calcium Citrate is a readily digested and absorbed form of Calcium, a mineral that is necessary for the maintenance of bone health. It contains among others: Calcium.
- Chewable Vitamin D-3, Natural Fruit Flavor, 1,000 IU, 180 Chewables (Now Foods) - Now Chewable Vitamin D-3 supplies this key vitamin in a tasty chewable form. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Liquid Vitamin D-3, 2 fl oz (60 ml) (Now Foods) - Each drop contains 100 IU of Vitamin D, 4 drops provide 400 IU, 20 drops provide 2,000 IU. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Mega D-3 & MK-7, 5000 IU / 180 mcg, 60 Veg Capsules (Now Foods) - NOW Mega D-3 & MK-7 combines vitamins D-3 and K-2, two nutrients extensively researched for their roles in the health of bones, teeth and the cardiovascular system. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Liquid Vitamin D-3, Extra Strength, 1,000 IU, 1 fl oz (30 ml) (Now Foods) - Vitamin D is normally obtained from the diet or produced by the skin from the ultraviolet energy of the sun. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Vitamin D-3 & K-2, 1,000 IU / 45 mcg, 120 Veg Capsules (Now Foods) - NOW combines two nutrients extensively researched for their contribution to the health of bones, teeth and the cardiovascular system. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Vitamin D-3 High Potency, 1,000 IU, 180 Softgels (Now Foods) - NOW Vitamin D-3 softgels supply this key vitamin in a highly-absorbable liquid softgel form. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Calcium & Magnesium, 250 Tablets (Now Foods) - NOW Calcium & Magnesium combines two essential minerals that work together to maintain several critical physiological processes. It contains among others: Calcium.
- Vitamin D-3 High Potency, 2,000 IU, 240 Softgels (Now Foods) - NOW Vitamin D-3 softgels supply this key vitamin in a highly-absorbable liquid softgel form. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Vitamin D-3 High Potency , 2,000 IU, 120 Softgels (Now Foods) - NOW Vitamin D-3 softgels supply this key vitamin in a highly-absorbable liquid softgel form. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Vitamin D-3, High Potency, 5,000 IU, 240 Softgels (Now Foods) - NOW Vitamin D-3 softgels supply this key vitamin in a highly-absorbable liquid softgel form. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Vitamin D-3 High Potency, 10,000 IU, 120 Softgels (Now Foods) - NOW Vitamin D-3 softgels supply this key vitamin in a highly-absorbable liquid softgel form. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Vitamin D-3, High Potency, 5,000 IU, 120 Softgels (Now Foods) - NOW Vitamin D-3 softgels supply this key vitamin in a highly-absorbable liquid softgel form. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
- Vitabase - Calcium & Magnesium - This high potency calcium product combines three different kinds of calcium, vitamin D, magnesium and boron into 1 capsule. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol, Calcium.
The best supplements with Cholecalciferol or Calcium in Sports Nutrition category:
- Keto Trim - Keto Trim is a formula that provides you with ready-to-use ketone bodies to jump-start your keto weight loss journey. It contains among others: Calcium.
- Keto Extreme Fat Burner - A powerful fat burning ketone, BHB has been modified to produce an instant fat burning solution the natural way. It contains among others: Calcium.
- Testo Prime - TestoPrime is an all-natural testosterone support that can help any man take control of his youthful vitality with a flood of new and natural testosterone. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol, Calcium.
- ACUTS, Amino-Charged Energy Drink, Blue Raspberry, 7.4 oz (210 g) (ALLMAX Nutrition) - Purpose: Formulated to provide Energy, Focus and Diet Support in conjunction with a Sensible Diet, Exercise and / or Physical Activity. It contains among others: Calcium.
- TestoGen - Natural Testosterone Booster Amazing Results. It contains among others: Cholecalciferol.
Articles similar to "Nutrition and Athlete Bone Health."
- The impact of Calcium on Joint / Bone Health: Bone Health in Athletes: The Role of Exercise, Nutrition, and Hormones. (Context: The health of the skeletal system is important for athletes young and old... To optimize bone health, adequate nutrition, appropriate weightbearing exercise, strength training, and adequate calcium and vitamin D are necessary throughout life. )
Previous article
Next article
Bone Health in Athletes: The Role of Exercise, Nutrition, and Hormones.