Antiviral Potential of Medicinal Plants Against HIV, HSV, Influenza, Hepatitis, and Coxsackievirus: A Systematic Review.

Akram Muhammad, et al.
Phytotherapy Research, 2018

Abstract

Viral infections are being managed therapeutically through available antiviral regimens with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. The refractory viral infections resistant to available antiviral drugs are alarming threats and a serious health concern. For viral hepatitis, the interferon and vaccine therapies solely are not ultimate solutions due to recurrence of hepatitis C virus. Owing to the growing incidences of viral infections and especially of resistant viral strains, the available therapeutic modalities need to be improved, complemented with the discovery of novel antiviral agents to combat refractory viral infections. It is widely accepted that medicinal plant heritage is nature gifted, precious, and fueled with the valuable resources for treatment of metabolic and infectious disorders. The aims of this review are to assemble the facts and to conclude the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants in the eradication and management of various viral diseases such as influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis, and coxsackievirus infections, which have been proven in diverse clinical studies. The articles, published in the English language since 1982 to 2017, were included from Web of Science, Cochrane Library, AMED, CISCOM, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed by using relevant keywords including plants possessing antiviral activity, the antiviral effects of plants, and plants used in viral disorders. The scientific literature mainly focusing on plant extracts and herbal products with therapeutic efficacies against experimental models of influenza, HIV, HSV, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus were included in the study. Pure compounds possessing antiviral activity were excluded, and plants possessing activity against viruses other than viruses in inclusion criteria were excluded. Hundreds of plant extracts with antiviral effect were recognized. However, the data from only 36 families investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. The inferences from scientific literature review, focusing on potential therapeutic consequences of medicinal plants on experimental models of HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus have ascertained the curative antiviral potential of plants. Fifty-four medicinal plants belonging to 36 different families having antiviral potential were documented. Out of 54 plants, 27 individually belong to particular plant families. On the basis of the work of several independent research groups, the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against listed common viral diseases in the region has been proclaimed. In this context, the herbal formulations as alternative medicine may contribute to the eradication of complicated viral infection significantly. The current review consolidates the data of the various medicinal plants, those are Sambucus nigra, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, and Hypericum connatum, holding promising specific antiviral activities scientifically proven through studies on experimental animal models. Consequently, the original research addressing the development of novel nutraceuticals based on listed medicinal plants is highly recommended for the management of viral disorders.

Keywords

antiviral herbs; antiviral therapy; efficacy; medicinal plants; natural antivirals.

Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The best supplements with Sambucus Nigra in Immune category:

• Abreve, Advanced Immune System Support Formula, 180 Vegetarian Capsules (Zahler) - Powerful Immune System Support. It contains among others: Sambucus Nigra.
• Kids, Black Elderberry Syrup, Alcohol-Free Formula, 3 fl oz (89 ml) (Gaia Herbs) - Black Elderberry SyrupBlack Elderberries have been recognized for centuries throughout Europe for their immune supportive properties. It contains among others: Sambucus Nigra.
• Black Elderberry Syrup, 5.4 fl oz (160 ml) (Gaia Herbs) - For decades, Black Elderberry Syrup has been a medicine cabinet staple, especially in the colder months. It contains among others: Sambucus Nigra.
• Sambucus, Black Elderberry, 12,000 mg, 8 fl oz (240 ml) (Nature's Answer) - Nature’s Answer Sambucus Elderberry Syrup Super Concentrated Black Elderberry Extract gives you all the antioxidant power of the Elderberry – the berry with two times the antioxidants of blueberries and more antioxidants than blackberries, cranberries and goji berries. It contains among others: Sambucus Nigra.

Articles similar to "Antiviral Potential of Medicinal Plants Against HIV, HSV, Influenza, Hepatitis, and Coxsackievirus: A Systematic Review."

• The significance of Sambucus Nigra for Immune: Inhibitory Activity of a Standardized Elderberry Liquid Extract Against Clinically-Relevant Human Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens and Influenza A and B Viruses. ( Black elderberries (Sambucus nigra L... Rubini elderberry liquid extract is active against human pathogenic bacteria as well as influenza viruses. The activities shown suggest that additional and alternative approaches to combat infections might be provided by this natural product.)
• The role of Sambucus Nigra in Immune: Interfering With Lipid Raft Association: A Mechanism to Control Influenza Virus Infection By Sambucus Nigra. (Sambucus nigra (elder) are broadly used species to treat microbial infections... Rubini elderberry liquid extract is active against human pathogenic bacteria as well as influenza viruses. The activities shown suggest that additional and alternative approaches to combat infections might be provided by this natural product.)
• The impact of Sambucus Nigra on Immune: Sambucus Nigra Extracts Inhibit Infectious Bronchitis Virus at an Early Point During Replication. ( Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogenic chicken coronavirus... These results demonstrate that S. nigra extract can inhibit IBV at an early point in infection, probably by rendering the virus non-infectious. They also suggest that future studies using S. nigra extract to treat or prevent IBV or other coronaviruses are warranted.)
• The significance of Sambucus Nigra for Immune: A Review of the Antiviral Properties of Black Elder (Sambucus Nigra L.) Products. (Black elder (Sambucus nigra L... These results demonstrate that S. nigra extract can inhibit IBV at an early point in infection, probably by rendering the virus non-infectious. They also suggest that future studies using S. nigra extract to treat or prevent IBV or other coronaviruses are warranted.)
• The role of Sambucus Nigra in Immune: A Systematic Review on the Sambuci Fructus Effect and Efficacy Profiles. (The berries of European elder are used in traditional German medicine for various complaints... These results demonstrate that S. nigra extract can inhibit IBV at an early point in infection, probably by rendering the virus non-infectious. They also suggest that future studies using S. nigra extract to treat or prevent IBV or other coronaviruses are warranted.)
• The significance of Sambucus Nigra for Immune: The Effects of Oral Supplements With Sambucus Nigra, Zinc, Tyndallized Lactobacillus Acidophilus (HA122), Arabinogalactans, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin C in Otitis Media With Effusion in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (Objective: To evaluate the ability of oral supplements with immune-stimulating molecules (Sambucus nigra, Zinc, Tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus (HA122), Arabinogalactans, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin C) to reduce the inflammation of the upper airway tract and improve the outcome of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children... OS with immune-stimulating molecules should be considered as a supporting therapy in children affected by recurrent episodes of UAI associated with OME due to their capacity to improve the immune response and reduce the inflammatory phenomena. OS can improve the fibroendoscopic findings by restoring middle ear ventilation, in addition to their ability to reduce inflammation in the middle ear.)
• The role of Sambucus Nigra in Immune: Plant-made Virus-Like Particles Bearing Influenza Hemagglutinin (HA) Recapitulate Early Interactions of Native Influenza Virions With Human Monocytes/Macrophages. (Introduction: Plant-made virus-like particles (VLP) bearing influenza virus hemagglutinins (HA) are novel vaccine candidates that induce cross-reactive humoral and poly-functional T cell responses... Plant-made VLPs bearing influenza HA not only mimic the structure of influenza virions to some degree but also recapitulate key features of the initial virus-APC interaction. These observations may help to explain the balanced humoral and cellular responses to plant-made VLP vaccines. )

Previous article

Black Elderberry (Sambucus Nigra) Supplementation Effectively Treats Upper Respiratory Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trials.

Next article

A Systematic Review on the Sambuci Fructus Effect and Efficacy Profiles.