Gazerani Parisa
International journal of molecular sciences, 2019
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurological disorder classically characterized by impairments in motor system function associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. After almost 200 years since the first description of PD by James Parkinson, unraveling the complexity of PD continues to evolve. It is now recognized that an interplay between genetic and environmental factors influences a diverse range of cellular processes, reflecting on other clinical features including non-motor symptoms. This has consequently highlighted the extensive value of early clinical diagnosis to reduce difficulties of later stage management of PD. Advancement in understanding of PD has made remarkable progress in introducing new tools and strategies such as stem cell therapy and deep brain stimulation. A link between alterations in gut microbiota and PD has also opened a new line. Evidence exists of a bidirectional pathway between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are being examined that might influence gut-brain axis by altering gut microbiota composition, enteric nervous system, and CNS. This review provides status on use of probiotics for PD. Limitations and future directions will also be addressed to promote further research considering use of probiotics for PD.
Keywords
Parkinson’s disease; dysbiosis; gastrointestinal; gut; microbiota; prebiotics; probiotics; synbiotics.
Conflict of interest statement
The “Probiotic Research Initiative™” is a collaboration between Bifodan A/S (Hundested, Denmark) and the Biomedicine group at Aalborg University. The author is affiliated with the Biomedicine group at Aalborg University and, in collaboration with Bifodan A/S, has performed research related to applying the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB01 (DSM 14870) produced by Bifodan A/S in several domains including pain, obesity, and fertility.| PMID: | 31450864 |
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| DOI: | 10.3390/ijms20174121 |
| PMCID (Free PMC Article): | PMC6747430 |
| Category: | General properties of Probiotics |
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