Johnstone Alexandra M., et al.
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2008
Abstract
Background
Altering the macronutrient composition of the diet influences hunger and satiety. Studies have compared high- and low-protein diets, but there are few data on carbohydrate content and ketosis on motivation to eat and ad libitum intake.
Objective
We aimed to compare the hunger, appetite, and weight-loss responses to a high-protein, low-carbohydrate [(LC) ketogenic] and those to a high-protein, medium-carbohydrate [(MC) nonketogenic] diet in obese men feeding ad libitum.
Design
Seventeen obese men were studied in a residential trial; food was provided daily. Subjects were offered 2 high-protein (30% of energy) ad libitum diets, each for a 4-wk period-an LC (4% carbohydrate) ketogenic diet and an MC (35% carbohydrate) diet-randomized in a crossover design. Body weight was measured daily, and ketosis was monitored by analysis of plasma and urine samples. Hunger was assessed by using a computerized visual analogue system.
Results
Ad libitum energy intakes were lower with the LC diet than with the MC diet [P=0.02; SE of the difference (SED): 0.27] at 7.25 and 7.95 MJ/d, respectively. Over the 4-wk period, hunger was significantly lower (P=0.014; SED: 1.76) and weight loss was significantly greater (P=0.006; SED: 0.62) with the LC diet (6.34 kg) than with the MC diet (4.35 kg). The LC diet induced ketosis with mean 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations of 1.52 mmol/L in plasma (P=0.036 from baseline; SED: 0.62) and 2.99 mmol/L in urine (P<0.001 from baseline; SED: 0.36).
Conclusion
In the short term, high-protein, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets reduce hunger and lower food intake significantly more than do high-protein, medium-carbohydrate nonketogenic diets.
| PMID: | 18175736 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.1093/ajcn/87.1.44 |
| Category: | General properties of Ketogenic diet |
Articles similar to "Effects of a high-protein ketogenic diet on hunger, appetite, and weight loss in obese men feeding ad libitum."
- The properties of Ketogenic diet: The ketogenic diet: making a comeback. (Americans have embraced a large number of diets in an attempt to manage obesity, improve quality of life, and address specific health problems...)
- The properties of Ketogenic diet: New insights into the mechanisms of the ketogenic diet. (PURPOSE OF REVIEW: High-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have been used for almost a century for the treatment of epilepsy...)
- The properties of Ketogenic diet: Benefits of the nonfasting ketogenic diet compared with the initial fasting ketogenic diet. (Objective: The ketogenic diet (KD) is traditionally introduced with an initial period of fasting and fluid restriction that is difficult and sometimes complicated by moderate dehydration... These observations suggest that initial fasting and fluid restriction are not essential for the ketogenic diet and that the tolerability of this treatment may be improved. These data support our intention to conduct a formal, prospective, randomized trial comparing 2 forms of the KD.)
Previous article
Benefits of the nonfasting ketogenic diet compared with the initial fasting ketogenic diet.