Foroutan-Rad Masoud, Tappeh Khosrow Hazrati, Khademvatan Shahram
Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 2017
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is caused by an obligate intracellular protozoa belonging to Leishmania genus. The current drugs for treatment of leishmaniasis possess many disadvantages; therefore, researchers are continuously looking for the more effective and safer drugs. The aim of this study is to review the effectiveness, toxicities, and possible mechanisms of pharmaceutical actions of different garlic extracts and organosulfur compounds isolated from garlic against Leishmania spp. in a variety of in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials reports. All relevant databases were searched using the terms "Allium sativum," "Garlic," "Allicin," "Ajoene," "Leishmania," "in vitro," "in vivo," and "clinical trial," alone or in combination from 5 English databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar) and 3 Persian databases (Scientific Information Database, Iran Medex, and Magiran) from 1990 to 2014. In summary, garlic with immunomodulatory effects and apoptosis induction contributes to the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Keywords
Allium sativum; Leishmania; ajoene; allicin; garlic; organosulfur compounds.
© The Author(s) 2015.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Figures
Summary of some therapeutic properties of Allium sativum (garlic) bulbs and cloves.
(A) Schematic diagram of the Leishmania life cycle. (B) Role of dendritic cells and macrophages in leishmaniasis outcome. Abbreviations : IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; TH1 and TH2, T helper cell type 1 and 2, respectively; Treg, T regulatory cell.
Formation of allicin from alliin, which is catalyzed using alliinase enzyme.
| PMID: | 26721553 |
|---|---|
| PMCID (Free PMC Article): | PMC5871198 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/2156587215623126 |
| Category: | Cleansing |
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