Gould Rebecca L., Pazdro Robert
Nutrients, 2019
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a critical endogenous antioxidant found in all eukaryotic cells. Higher GSH concentrations protect against cellular damage, tissue degeneration, and disease progression in various models, so there is considerable interest in developing interventions that augment GSH biosynthesis. Oral GSH supplementation is not the most efficient option due to the enzymatic degradation of ingested GSH within the intestine by γ-glutamyltransferase, but supplementation of its component amino acids-cysteine, glycine, and glutamate-enhances tissue GSH synthesis. Furthermore, supplementation with some non-precursor amino acids and micronutrients appears to influence the redox status of GSH and related antioxidants, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, lowering systemic oxidative stress and slowing the rate of tissue deterioration. In this review, the effects of oral supplementation of amino acids and micronutrients on GSH metabolism are evaluated. And since specific dietary patterns and diets are being prescribed as first-line therapeutics for conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, the impact of overall diets on GSH homeostasis is also assessed.
Keywords
Glutathione; amino acids; homeostasis; micronutrients; supplementation.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.| PMID: | 31083508 |
|---|---|
| PMCID (Free PMC Article): | PMC6566166 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nu11051056 |
| Category: | Amino Acids |
| Category: | General properties of Ascorbic Acid |
| Category: | General properties of Vitamin E |
| Category: | General properties of Glutathione |
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